You have to log in to edit pages.
Structure name:
Structure's Address Number: (ex: 234 Main Street W.)
Street Name: (ex:234 Main Street)
Street Suffix: (ex:234 Main Street) Avenue Street Road Alcove Alley Bay Boulevard Circle Close Court Crescent Crossing Curve Drive Estate Estates Farm Farms Freeway Glen Green Harbor Heights Highway Hill Island Key Landing Lane Loop Mall Motorway Park Parkway Pass Path Place Plaza Point Ridge Route Row Rue Run Skyway Spur Square Terrace Throughway Trail Turnpike Viaduct View Way Other
Street Directional:
Location of Structure: Connects the East and West Bank Campuses of the University of Minnesota.
City/locality:
Neighborhood/s:
County:
Enter name of the county or parish. Do not add "County" or "Parish" to name.
State/province: Minnesota Alberta Alaska Alabama Arkansas American Samoa Arizona British Columbia California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Delaware Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Iowa Idaho Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Manitoba Maryland Maine Michigan Missouri Mississippi Montana New Brunswick North Carolina North Dakota Nebraska Newfoundland and Labrador New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico Nova Scotia Northwest Territories Nevada New York Ohio Oklahoma Ontario Oregon Pennsylvania Prince Edward Island Puerto Rico Palau Quebec Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Saskatchewan Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia U.S. Virgin Islands Vermont Washington Wisconsin West Virginia Wyoming Yukon Territory
Province other than U.S. or Canada:
Country: United States Albania Algeria Andorra Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Australia Austria Azores (Portugal) Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bolivia Bosnia Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China - People's Republic of Colombia Congo - Republic of Costa Rica Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Faroe Islands (Denmark) Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guatemala Guinea Guinea_Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia Madagascar Maderia (Portugal) Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal Netherlands (Holland) Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Reunion Romania Russia Rwanda St. Vincent and the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka St. Kitts and Nevis Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna Islands Western Samoa Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Zambia Zimbabwe American Samoa Cambodia Bonaire (Netherlands Antillies) Canary Islands Channel Islands Cook Islands Curacao (Netherlands Antillies) England Guam Kosrae (Federated States of Micronesia) Marshall Islands Monaco Myanmar Norfolk Island Northern Ireland (UK) Northern Mariana Islands Palau Ponape Ireland - Republic Of Rota (Northern Mariana Islands) Saba (Netherlands Antilles) Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands) Scotland (United Kingdom) St. Barthelemy (Guadeloupe) St. Christopher (St. Kitts and Nevis) St. Croix (U.S. Virgin Islands) St. Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles) St. John (U.S. Virgin Islands) St. Lucia St. Maarten (Netherlands Antilles) St. Martin (Guadeloupe) St. Thomas (U.S. Virgin Islands) Korea (South Korea) Tahiti (French Polynesia) Truk (Federated States of Micronesia) U.S. Virgin Islands Wake Island Wales (United Kingdom) Yap (Federated States of Micronesia)
Year built:
Year razed:
Primary Architectural style: A-Frame American Four-Square Art Deco/Art Moderne Arts and Crafts/Craftsman Beaux Arts Bungalow/Bungaloid Cape Cod Carpenter Gothic Chateauesque Classical Revival Colonial Revival Commercial Dome Dutch Colonial Eastlake/Stick Style Federalist Folk French Renaissance Georgian Gothic Gothic Revival Greek Revival International Italian Renaissance Italianate Mission Modern Neoclassical Neoeclectic Post Modern Prairie School Queen Anne Ranch Renaissance Revival Richardsonian Romanesque Rustic Second Empire Shingle Southwest Spanish Revival Tudor Revival Vernacular Victorian Victorian Gothic Other
Secondary Architectural style: A-Frame American Four-Square Art Deco/Art Moderne Arts and Crafts/Craftsman Beaux Arts Bungalow/Bungaloid Cape Cod Carpenter Gothic Chateauesque Classical Revival Colonial Revival Commercial Dome Dutch Colonial Eastlake/Stick Style Federalist Folk French Renaissance Georgian Gothic Gothic Revival Greek Revival International Italian Renaissance Italianate Mission Modern Neoclassical Neoeclectic Post Modern Prairie School Queen Anne Ranch Renaissance Revival Richardsonian Romanesque Rustic Second Empire Shingle Southwest Spanish Revival Tudor Revival Vernacular Victorian Victorian Gothic Other
Architect or design source:
Moved from location:
If the building was moved to this location, what was the address or location of the old site?
This building is a part of a larger site:
If this building is part of a larger site add the Placeography page title here.
Site Name:
Add the name of the site here.
Builder:
Historic function: Artwork Agricultural Outbuildings Aqueduct Barn Beacon Bridge Canal Cannery Culvert Dam Depot Distillery Folly Gas Holder Grain Elevator Hangar Levee Lime Kiln Lighthouse Lock Manufacturing Site Mine Mill Mortuary Oil/Gas Well Pipeline Power plant Port facilities/docks etc. Refinery Reservoir Railroad shop Round House Silo Statue/Monument Tower Fire Tower Transmission Tower Water Tower Train Shed Tunnel Viaduct Other
Current function: Artwork Agricultural Outbuildings Aqueduct Barn Beacon Bridge Canal Cannery Culvert Dam Depot Distillery Folly Gas Holder Grain Elevator Hangar Levee Lime Kiln Lighthouse Lock Manufacturing Site Mine Mill Mortuary Oil/Gas Well Pipeline Power plant Port facilities/docks etc. Refinery Reservoir Railroad shop Round House Silo Statue/Monument Tower Fire Tower Transmission Tower Water Tower Train Shed Tunnel Viaduct Other
Other Function:
First owner:
Structure Image 1:
Caption for Image 1:
Structure Image 2:
Caption for Image 2:
Additional Notes:
Coordinates:
Look up coordinates
NRHP ID Number:
NRHP URL:
NRHP Criteria:
NRHP Certification Date: January February March April May June July August September October November December
NRHP Significance: Local State National International
If applicable, name of Historic district:
Primary Architectural style: 10 Span Concrete Slab American Four-Square Art Deco Art Nouveau Arts and Crafts Baroque Baroque Revival Beaux Arts Bulk Freight Steamer Bulk Freighter Bungaloid Bungalow Bungalow/Craftsman Byzantine Byzantine Revival Camelback Through Truss Cantilever Deck Truss Carpenter Gothic Chateauesque Classical Revival Classical Revivial Colonial Revival Commercial Commercial Queen Anne Concrete Arch Concrete Girder Concrete Slab Craftsman Craftsman/Art Nouveau Deck Girder Deck Pratt Truss Diversified farm Eastlake Egyptian Revival English Cottage English Gothic English Tudor Exotic Revival Federal Filled-spandrel concrete arch French Renaissance French Renaissance Revival French Second Empire Georgian Georgian Revival Gothic Gothic Revival Gothic Villa Greek Revival International Style Italian Renaissance Italian Villa Italianate Jacobean Jacobean Revival Jacobethan Revival King-post Pony Truss Late 19th and 20th Century American Movements Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals Late Gothic Revival Late Victorian Log Masonry Arch Mission Revival Modern Movement Moderne Multi-plate arch No Style NPS Rustic NPS Rustic Architecture NPS Rustic Style Octagon Octagon Mode Parker through truss Pennsylvania through truss Period Revival Pony Truss Prairie School Pratt through truss Queen Anne Reinforced Concrete Arch Reinforced Concrete Barrel-arch Reinforced Concrete Barrel-vault Renaissance Renaissance Revival Richardsonian Richardsonian Romanesque Romanesque Romanesque Revival Rustic Rustic-style log Schooner Schooner Barge Shingle Shingle Style Single pan, Multi-Plate Arch with Stone Facing Sloop Spainish Colonial Revival Spanish Colonial Revival Spanish Mission Steel H Truss Stick Stick Style Stick/Eastlake Sullivanesque Swiss Chalet Thacher Truss Town Lattice Truss Tudor Revival Vernacular Victorian Victorian Gothic Victorian Romanesque Warren Pony Truss Whaleback Freighter Wooden Cribbed Elevator Wrightian
Secondary Architectural style: 10 Span Concrete Slab American Four-Square Art Deco Art Nouveau Arts and Crafts Baroque Baroque Revival Beaux Arts Bulk Freight Steamer Bulk Freighter Bungaloid Bungalow Bungalow/Craftsman Byzantine Byzantine Revival Camelback Through Truss Cantilever Deck Truss Carpenter Gothic Chateauesque Classical Revival Classical Revivial Colonial Revival Commercial Commercial Queen Anne Concrete Arch Concrete Girder Concrete Slab Craftsman Craftsman/Art Nouveau Deck Girder Deck Pratt Truss Diversified farm Eastlake Egyptian Revival English Cottage English Gothic English Tudor Exotic Revival Federal Filled-spandrel concrete arch French Renaissance French Renaissance Revival French Second Empire Georgian Georgian Revival Gothic Gothic Revival Gothic Villa Greek Revival International Style Italian Renaissance Italian Villa Italianate Jacobean Jacobean Revival Jacobethan Revival King-post Pony Truss Late 19th and 20th Century American Movements Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals Late Gothic Revival Late Victorian Log Masonry Arch Mission Revival Modern Movement Moderne Multi-plate arch No Style NPS Rustic NPS Rustic Architecture NPS Rustic Style Octagon Octagon Mode Parker through truss Pennsylvania through truss Period Revival Pony Truss Prairie School Pratt through truss Queen Anne Reinforced Concrete Arch Reinforced Concrete Barrel-arch Reinforced Concrete Barrel-vault Renaissance Renaissance Revival Richardsonian Richardsonian Romanesque Romanesque Romanesque Revival Rustic Rustic-style log Schooner Schooner Barge Shingle Shingle Style Single pan, Multi-Plate Arch with Stone Facing Sloop Spainish Colonial Revival Spanish Colonial Revival Spanish Mission Steel H Truss Stick Stick Style Stick/Eastlake Sullivanesque Swiss Chalet Thacher Truss Town Lattice Truss Tudor Revival Vernacular Victorian Victorian Gothic Victorian Romanesque Warren Pony Truss Whaleback Freighter Wooden Cribbed Elevator Wrightian
Year/s of Major Alterations:
Year/s of Additions :
Structure Summary/Intro: == Introduction == The Washington Avenue Bridge (Bridge No. 9360) was contructed between 1962 and 1965 by the Minnesota Department of Transportation to replace an earlier bridge built in the same vicinity. The new bridge linked the traditional East Bank campus of the University of Minnesota to the modern West Bank campus, also constructed beginning in the 1960s. The unique design separated pedestrian and vehicular traffic on two levels to facilitate travel between the two campuses. It also incorporated university buildings into its approaches. The historical, architectural, and engineering significance of the Washington Avenue Bridge is being evaluated as part of the Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Final Environmental Statement for the planned construction of the Central Corridor Light Rail Transit project. It had not been evaluated in any of the earlier studies. • Washington Avenue Bridge located in County Rd 122, Minneapolis. It connects the east bank and west bank of Mississippi River. • This bridge directly connects the East bank campus and the West bank campus. == History == <b>The first bridge (1884–1965)</b> An iron truss bridge was first built here in 1884, slightly upstream from the current location (connecting Washington avenue on both sides of the river). At the time of construction, many people lived in the river flats area below. The bridge was strengthened in 1890 to accommodate streetcars, and it made up part of the first interurban line between Minneapolis and neighboring Saint Paul <b>The second bridge (1965–present)</b> This first structure was a straight east-west bridge carrying Washington Avenue, which continued directly into downtown. The new bridge aimed the west end slightly to the south, so Washington Avenue is now disjointed at that point. Continuing straight along the roadway will carry a vehicle into downtown along a short freeway-like section that meets 3rd Street South (a one-way— returning involves traveling along 4th Street). Substantial rehabilitation of Bridge 9360 occurred from 2011-2013 to accommodate the new Central Corridor Light Rail transit line. In order to support the new light rail transit line and existing vehicular and pedestrian loads, two lines of Warren trusses were added between the original plate girders. Additionally, two additional pier columns were added to accommodate the additional loads on the bridge. Care was taken to minimize visual impacts to the bridge and to maintain the design aesthetic. == Historic importance == • Urban plan importance • Urban texture 1938 1945 Now With the development of the urban, the connection of the two side of river become more and more important. So, the urban texture has been changed. The new bridge can bring people into the downtown of the Minneapolis directly. The upper deck of Washington bridge is used for walking Traversing the bridge in the harshness of winter was very uncomfortable, so an enclosure running down the center of the pedestrian area was added by the 1970s. Originally meant to be a heated indoor pedestrian area, due to energy cost concerns, the walkway is mostly unheated. There are some heaters inside that keep the area slightly warmer than outside, and some heat loss from the steam mains, but it can still dip below the freezing point. The structure also adds a windbreak for the top level, improving conditions for people who choose to walk outside. In the summer, large overhangs also provide some shade.. The 1965 bridge was designed as a fracture-critical structure, meaning that it lacks redundancy in its design and could collapse if any single one of certain load-bearing members were to fail. In, 2011, Upgrades strengthened the bridge to help it carry the 106,000-pound (48,000 kg) rail vehicles and added redundancy so that the failure of a single bridge member would not cause a catastrophe == Importance of the Bridge to Campus == • The Washington Avenue Bridge is significant for as an important crossing in Minneapolis connecting the university campuses. • In the 1950s, enrollment at the University of Minnesota reached its highest numbers up to that time and the school needed to expand its East Bank campus, but options were limited. “It was not easy to find space adjacent to the campus, which was hemmed in by railroad yards on the north and the Mississippi River to the west and south. To the east lay a residential area, Prospect Park, home to many faculty members—and Hubert Humphrey.” The neighborhood’s strong political clout meant “expansion in that direction was not likely to be popular or feasible.” The west bank of the river, with a high percentage of renters, appeared to be an easier target for expansion plans. • upper deck enclosure led to an annual artistic event held on the first few days of classes, where organizations of all stripes can put their brushes to panels lining the interior. While most are self-promotional messages from campus groups, some of the panels always show impressive designs. == Importance of the Structure == • The 1,130-foot-long, six-span bridge has three main spans, which are continuous welded haunched steel girders, and two steel girder approach spans. In 2012 four Warren deck-truss lines were added between the original steel girder lines to support the addition of light-rail tracks and the approach spans were also upgraded with additional supporting deck-truss lines. This bridge was one of the first in the nation to use A441 high-strength, low-alloy steel in its superstructure, which allowed for the structural connections to be welded rather than riveted. It is also the only known double-deck bridge in Minnesota with a pedestrian upper deck and a vehicular lower deck. • Substantial rehabilitation of Bridge 9360 occurred from 2011-2013 to accommodate the new Central Corridor Light Rail transit line. In order to support the new light rail transit line and existing vehicular and pedestrian loads, two lines of Warren trusses were added between the original plate girders. Additionally, two additional pier columns were added to accommodate the additional loads on the bridge. Care was taken to minimize visual impacts to the bridge and to maintain the design aesthetic. • The 1965 bridge was designed as a fracture-critical structure, meaning that it lacks redundancy in its design and could collapse if any single one of certain load-bearing members were to fail. Upgrades strengthened the bridge to help it carry the 106,000-pound (48,000 kg) rail vehicles and added redundancy so that the failure of a single bridge member would not cause a catastrophe. • 2008 repairs and pedestrian-level restrictions == Conservation == In August 2008, concerns about the strength of the upper level led Hennepin County to restrict the pedestrian and bicycle traffic to a 14-foot-wide section in the center. Engineers had decided that in preparation for repairs, the weight needed to be moved to the center, where there was support from the columns below. Usage of the upper deck continued to be restricted for about a year until repairs were complete. As a long-standing tradition of the University of Minnesota, student groups across campus are annually granted permission to paint the interior panels of the Washington Avenue Bridge to advertise their groups and publicize their respective group philosophies. However, for the past two years, conservative groups’ panels were defaced and vandalized. This year, panels of the College Republicans, Turning Point USA and the Minnesota Republic were defaced with various messages denouncing the original messages on the panels. It’s imperative to note that the messages posited by the aforementioned groups are protected by the First Amendment. This has been ruled on by the Supreme Court as late as June of this year. In addition, they were fully compliant with University policy as they did not violate any code of conduct set out by Student Unions and Activities. Disagreement with the text of the statements simply does not merit removal. For this reason, vandalism and defacement of the panels on the bridge are not only against University policy, they also directly violate constitutional rights of members in groups like the College Republicans, Turning Point USA and the Minnesota Republic. Beyond legal implications, we believe this sets a very dangerous precedent. The idea that we should bar a viewpoint on campus simply because we disagree is not only wrong, but is highly counterproductive. It creates an atmosphere where liberal and conservative philosophies alike would be subject to removal because they would always offend some group or another. We believe that the University environment should be a place where students, regardless of their backgrounds, can come together to generate a culture of discussion and dialogue with respectful disagreement. This is truly the definition of a safe space — where individuals are able to vehemently disagree on ideologies without having to worry about their physical safety. <center> This is the work of Lingxhao Shu</center>
Structure Content:
Memory:
Free text == Photo Gallery == == Related Links == [http://www.placeography.org/images/8/8c/Mdougla--World_conservation_present2.pdf presentation] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Avenue_Bridge_(Minneapolis) Wikipedia: Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis] == Notes == <div class="references-small"> <references/> </div>
